文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：大脑扫描信息的证据属性与司法适用研究

英文题名：A Research on the Evidentiary Attributes and Judicial Application of Brain Scan Information

作者：徐娟[1]

机构：[1]广东海洋大学法政学院

年份：2026

卷号：41

期号：1

起止页码：106

中文期刊名：上海政法学院学报(法治论丛)

外文期刊名：Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

基金：2024年度广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“脑机接口技术法律规制研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:GD24XFX07;2024年度广东省教育厅高校科研项目(社会科学)“治疗型脑机接口技术法律问题研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:2024WTSCX150;2024年度四川医事卫生法治研究中心、中国卫生法学会联合项目“智慧养老运行风险协同治理研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:YF24-Y16。

语种：中文

中文关键词：大脑扫描信息;证据属性;司法适用;可采性;程序正义

外文关键词：brain scan information;evidentiary attribute;judicial application;admissibility;procedural justice

中文摘要：随着神经科学技术与司法实践的加速交汇,大脑扫描信息能否作为证据进入法庭审查已成为刑事司法中的前沿议题。此类信息通过脑电图、功能成像等方式呈现个体的脑活动模式,虽具有一定的生理客观性,但因科学不确定性、算法偏差与解释推断链条的脆弱性,其真实性、合法性与证明力均存在争议。同时,强制获取此类信息可能触及沉默权、反自证其罪原则以及精神隐私、认知自由等基本权利,引发程序正义上的重大冲突。现行《刑事诉讼法》《个人信息保护法》《数据安全法》等制度在神经数据的法律属性界定、可采性审查和程序性保障方面均显现明显不足。基于此,需要从权利保障与程序控制的双重视角,将大脑扫描信息置于高度敏感的数据范畴,构建严格的可采性标准、专业化的技术审查机制与配套的程序控制体系,并推动专门立法与司法解释的完善,以形成兼具可检验性、安全性与正当性的制度路径,实现技术应用与基本权利保障的规范化平衡。

外文摘要：With the accelerated convergence of neuroscience technology and judicial practice,whether brain scan information can be admitted as evidence in court has become a cutting-edge issue in criminal justice.This type of information,presented through methods such as electroencephalography and functional imaging to reflect an individual's brain activity patterns,though possesses a certain degree of physiological objectivity,its authenticity,legality,and probative value are all subject to controversy due to scientific uncertainty,algorithmic bias,and the fragility of the interpretive inference chain.At the same time,the compulsory acquisition of such information may infringe upon fundamental rights such as the right to remain silent,the principle against self-incrimination,mental privacy,and cognitive freedom,leading to significant conflicts in procedural justice.Current laws and regulations,including the Criminal Procedure Law,the Personal Information Protection Law,and the Data Security Law,show obvious shortcomings in defining the legal attributes of neuro data,admissibility review,and procedural safeguards.Therefore,from the dual perspectives of rights protection and procedural control,it is necessary to place brain scan information within the category of highly sensitive data,construct strict admissibility standards,a professional technical review mechanism,and a supporting procedural control system,and promote the improvement of specialized legislation and judicial interpretations to form a normative path that combines verifiability,security,and legitimacy,achieving a standardized balance between technological application and the protection of fundamental rights.