文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：基于Cyt-b和D-loop序列的中国南海高体鰤野生与养殖群体遗传多样性及遗传结构

英文题名：Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Wild and Cultured Seriola dumerili in the South China Sea Based on Mitochondrial Cyt-b and D-loop Sequences

作者：何旺林[1];田昌绪[1];黄洋[1,2];邓秋霞[1];游欣欣[1];石红娟[1];朱春华[1,2]

机构：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院/广东省名特优鱼类生殖调控与繁育工程技术研究中心,广东湛江524088;[2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江),广东湛江524057

年份：2026

卷号：46

期号：2

起止页码：36

中文期刊名：广东海洋大学学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

收录：北大核心2023、、北大核心

基金：2025年度广东省现代化海洋牧场适养品种核心技术攻关项目(2025-MRB-00-001)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：高体鰤;线粒体DNA;遗传多样性;遗传结构;种质资源

外文关键词：Seriola dumerili;mitochondrial DNA;genetic diversity;genetic structure;germplasm resources

中文摘要：【目的】评估中国南海野生高体鰤(Seriola dumerili)群体的遗传多样性现状,并量化分析人工繁育对子代群体遗传结构的影响。【方法】采集中国南海主要海域的5个野生群体(海南三亚、广东惠东、广东阳江、广东湛江、福建东山)和1个养殖群体,共196尾个体。利用两种线粒体分子标记--线粒体细胞色素b(Cyt-b)和控制区(D-loop),结合生物信息学分析,评估群体的遗传多样性水平、分化格局及历史动态。【结果】利用Cyt-b和D-loop标记分别鉴定出60、104个单倍型。结果显示,我国南海高体鰤野生群体具有较高的遗传多样性,其中广东惠东与广东湛江群体的D-loop单倍型多样性(Hd)均超过0.98。相比之下,养殖群体呈现明显的遗传多样性下降,其D-loop单倍型多样性降至0.785,且核苷酸多样性(π)显著低于野生群体。各群体间有轻度的遗传分化(6群体间FST=0.039,P<0.001),这种分化主要源于养殖群体与野生群体间。单倍型网络图呈典型的星状辐射结构,结合中性检验与错配分布分析,提示高体鰤种群在晚更新世曾经历过快速扩张。【结论】中国南海野生高体鰤群体遗传多样性丰富且各群体间无显著遗传分化,种群基因交流频繁,是天然种质库。人工繁育虽未导致多样性水平的剧烈骤降,但已引起养殖群体遗传结构的显著偏移和优势单倍型的改变。在未来的育种实践中,应重点监测亲本贡献率以维持遗传平衡,并优先利用遗传多样性较高的野生群体进行种质复壮,防止近交衰退。

外文摘要：【Objective】This study aims to assess the status of genetic diversity in wild greater amberjack(Seriola dumerili)populations in the South China Sea and to quantify the effects of artificial breeding on the genetic structure of the progeny population.【Methods】Five wild populations(Sanya,Hainan;Huidong,Guangdong;Yangjiang,Guangdong;Zhanjiang,Guangdong;Dongshan,Fujian)and one farmed population were collected from key areas in the South China Sea,comprising a total of 196 individuals.Two mitochondrial molecular markers,the cytochrome b gene(Cyt-b)and the control region(D-loop),combined with bioinformatic analyses were employed to evaluate genetic diversity levels,differentiation patterns,and demographic history.【Results】60 Cyt-b haplotypes and 104 D-loop haplotypes were identified,respectively.The wild populations in the South China Sea maintain high levels of genetic diversity;specifically,the D-loop haplotype diversity(Hd)of the Huidong and Zhanjiang populations exceeded 0.98.In contrast,the cultured population exhibited a distinct decline in genetic diversity,with Hd decreasing to 0.785,and its nucleotide diversity(π)was significantly lower than that of wild populations.Among 6 populations,there was mild genetic differentiation(overall FST=0.039,and P<0.001),which mainly originated from the difference between the cultured population and the wild population.Furthermore,the haplotype network displayed a typical star-like topology,which,combined with neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analysis,revealed that the species underwent a rapid population expansion during the Late Pleistocene.【Conclusion】The wild populations of greater amberjack in the South China Sea possess rich genetic diversity with no significant genetic differentiation among 5 populations,indicating frequent gene flow within the region and making it an natural germplasm reservoir.Although artificial breeding has not yet resulted in a precipitous decline in genetic diversity level,it has induced a significant deviation in the genetic structure of the cultured population and a shift in dominant haplotypes.In future breeding practices,it is recommended to monitor parental contribution rates to maintain genetic balance and to prioritize the introduction of wild individuals with high genetic diversity for germplasm rejuvenation,thereby preventing inbreeding depression.