文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：北部湾宝刀鱼的摄食生态

英文题名：Feeding ecology of dorab wolf-herring,Chirocentrus dorab from the Beibu Gulf

作者：颜云榕[1,2];杨厚超[1];卢伙胜[1,2];李荣威[1]

机构：[1]广东海洋大学,水产学院,湛江524088;[2]广东海洋大学,南海渔业资源监测与评估中心,湛江524088

年份：2011

卷号：31

期号：3

起止页码：654

中文期刊名：生态学报

外文期刊名：Acta Ecologica Sinica

收录：CSTPCD、、Scopus、CSCD2011_2012、北大核心2008、北大核心、CSCD

基金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30771653);农业部南海渔业资源调查专项资助项目(2008);广东省教育厅高校优秀青年创新人才培育项目(LYM09089);广东海洋大学校选科研课题资助项目(2009-11)

语种：中文

中文关键词：北部湾;宝刀鱼;胃含物分析;碳氮稳定同位素;摄食习性;营养级

外文关键词：the Beibu Gulf; Chirocentrus dorab; stomach content analysis; δ13C and δ15N stable isotope analysis; feeding habits; trophic level

中文摘要：根据2008年10月至2009年9月的北部湾主要渔港逐月采样以及2010年2月北部湾海域的拖网调查资料,以传统胃含物分析方法为基础,结合碳、氮稳定同位素技术对北部湾宝刀鱼(Chirocentrus dorab)的饵料组成、营养级和摄食习性随叉长和性腺发育的个体变化等进行研究。结果表明:宝刀鱼既摄食小型中上层鱼类,又摄食底栖鱼类、虾蟹类和头足类,属于广食性动物食性鱼类。以相对重要性指数百分比(%IRI)为指标,表明鱼类为其最主要饵料(99.7%),其中优势饵料生物为犀鳕属(Bregmaceros sp.)、小公鱼属(Thryssa sp.)、小沙丁鱼属(Sardinella sp.)和圆鲹属(Decapterus sp.)等。宝刀鱼摄食强度和饱满指数的月份差异十分显著(P<0.001),而以Brillouin指数表征的各月份营养多样性则无显著差异。雌性性腺成熟度指数(GSI)显示北部湾宝刀鱼1年中呈现1个产卵高峰期(5—8月),与北部湾中上层水温高峰趋势相符,表明宝刀鱼产卵高峰与水温密切相关,且产卵期间摄食强度没有降低。随着叉长的增长,北部湾宝刀鱼饵料生物个数变化较小,但平均单个饵料生物重量却明显增加。聚类分析表明,北部湾宝刀鱼以相似性系数可划分为380mm以下、381—530mm以及530mm以上3个不同食性叉长组。以δ15N计算所得宝刀鱼各叉长组的平均营养级为3.4。

外文摘要：Based on the monthly sampling in the main fishing ports such as Beihai,Basuo,Jianghong and Sanya of the Beibu Gulf from October 2008 to September 2009,and combined with the fishery-dependent trawl survey in February 2010,traditional stomach contents analysis and stable isotope analysis were used to study the prey category,trophic position and ontogenetic feeding habit shifts of the dorab wolf-herring,Chirocentrus dorab in the Beibu Gulf,South China Sea.A total of 645（344 stomachs with contents） dorab wolf-herring,ranging in size from 193 mm to 782 mm in fork length,were randomly sampled through the trawl and gillnet commercial fishing.The results showed that the dorab wolf-herring of the Beibu Gulf was omnivorous and predated not only on the small pelagic fish but also on benthic fish,shrimps,crabs and squids.Pisces were the primary prey components of the diet with a percentage of Index of Relative Importance（%IRI） of 99.7%.Among these,24 species were identified.Genera such as Bregmaceros sp.,Thryssa sp.,Sardinella sp.and Decapterus sp.were dominant in the dorab wolf-herring food constituent.The small fish,Stolephorus zollingeri,Bregmaceros rarisquamosus,Sardinella jussieu,Decapterus maruadsi,Stolephorus commersoni and Caranx mate,were also relatively important in the diet of this fish,with the weight percentages of 10.27%,9.36%,4.72%,4.11%,2.77% and 2.73%,respectively,whereas the other species prey were only present in lower percentages.The research findings revealed that the mean repletion index and vacuity coefficient varied considerably by month,while trophic diversity,calculated by Brillouin index Hz,proved to be relatively consistent throughout the year.The spawn peak,from May to August,was recognized by the female gonad somatic index（GSI）.Furthermore,the peak periods were consistent with the water temperature of surface,20m and 30m layers provided by France CATSAT fisheries remote sensing system.It can be safely concluded that as one of the pelagic fishes,dorab wolf-herring′s spawning and reproduction correlate with the sea surface temperature.Mean repletion index（RI） was highest（RI=2.50%） at the stage of Ⅴindicating that this group of dorab wolf-herring maintained strong feeding intensity during the reproduction periods.Meanwhile the vacuity coefficient was almost lowest（VC = 0.75%） at the stage of Ⅵ-Ⅱindicating that the fish reverted from Stage Ⅵ to StageⅡ increasing their food input to compensate for energy loss during reproduction.The 12 fork length classes demonstrated significant differences with respect to prey weight and prey numbers.The tendency of mean prey weight and number increased with the body size following with the improvement of the feeding organs and swimming ability of dorab wolf-herring.Using PRIMER 5.2 software,the cluster analysis,based on%IRI values for the above fork length classes,showed that the feeding habits of dorab wolf-herring could be classified into three groups： under 380mm,between 381 to 530mm,and above 531mm.The absence of a significant linear correlation between the fork length and δ13C lead to the conclusion that dorab wolf-herring were feeding all the water layers during the major part of their biological life cycle.With an average value of 3.4,the trophic level of dorab wolf-herring calculated by δ15N varied not significantly from the fork length.It can be concluded that stable isotope analysis will play an import role in evaluating the fish feeding ecology and in constructing the marine food web.