文献类型：学位论文

中文题名：木薯收获机挖掘部件的研究设计

英文题名：The Research and Design of Cassava Harvester Digging Components

作者：蒋志国[1];

机构：[1]广东海洋大学;

导师：黄晖;广东海洋大学

授予学位：硕士

语种：中文

中文关键词：木薯;挖掘部件;设计;入土;LS-DYNA

外文关键词：Cassava; Mining Parts; Design; Buried; LS-DYNA

中文摘要：木薯是世界三大薯类作物/(木薯、马铃薯、甘薯/)之一,也是全球年产超亿吨的七大作物之一,是许多热带、亚热带地区国家重要的热能来源,也是重要能源性物质。木薯在我国热作产业中占有重要的地位,近年来随着木薯淀粉、酒精及其深加工业的发展,尤其是木薯酒精作为燃料乙醇被添加到汽油、柴油中使用,我国木薯种植面积迅速扩大,目前面积产量仅次于甘蔗、橡胶。但我国木薯生产机械化程度极低,除耕整地外,其余主要依赖低效的人畜作业。木薯收获产品主要是地下的块根,块根收获量大,但多数采用手工作业,致使块根挖掘成为当前木薯生产中占用劳动力最多、劳动强度最大的一项作业,其生产率极低,作业成本高,块根损失、损伤大。 本文针对目前中国木薯的栽培方式和种植特点,结合分析国外的木薯收获机械,设计了一种新型的木薯挖掘装置。 论文通过对不同设计方案的理论分析和论证,确定了木薯挖掘装置动力传动系统和挖掘分离机构的配置形式,在经过了对结构与运动参数、运动机理的可行性分析与验证后,将该装置进行了试制与多次田间试验。本文主要研究内容如下: 1.对木薯挖掘装置结构原理及运动特性进行了详细的理论分析,剖析了挖掘部件的运动特性,确定了影响挖掘性能的土壤参数和各部件参数; 2.通过多次试验,首先在不考虑土壤类型、土壤切削阻力、内摩擦、粘附力、内聚力等因素的情况下建立块根与土壤沿铲面移动所需力的数学模型,研究各参数对其性能的影响,然后在考虑土壤类型、土壤切削阻力、内摩擦、粘附力、内聚力等因素的情况下建立牵引力的数学模型,分析各参数对牵引力的影响,利用MATLAB将各性能曲线可视化; 3.应用LS-DYNA软件建立挖掘铲和土壤的数学模型,在设定土壤参数和部件参数的前提下进行运动仿真分析,在后处理软件中将挖掘铲的速度、加速度和位移曲线输出,能够比较直观的观察挖掘铲在入土之后的运动情况,为进一步的理论研究和机构优化提供了可靠依据。 4.对木薯挖掘装置进行田间试验,以木薯的损失率作为衡量性能的主要指标,试验结果表明:新型木薯挖掘装置的参数选取合理,具有较好的挖掘性能和较高的作业效率。 研制成功的木薯挖掘装置,其功耗小、效率高、收获损失少、整体结构紧凑、入土方便、性能可靠、制造成本低、调整使用方便。其创新点主要表现在:挖掘铲入土部分采用入土齿,大大减小了入土时的土壤阻力,挖掘铲尾部采用了分离栅条,将木薯的挖掘和除土融为一体,简化了作业工序。

外文摘要：Cassava is one of the world's three major potato crops /(cassava, potatoes, sweet potatoes/) and the world's annual output of over seven million tons of crops. It is an important energy substances and important energy source also in the region of many tropical and subtropical countries. In China cassava plays an important role in heat for industrial. In recent years cultivation of cassava in China has expanded rapidly along with cassava starch, alcohol and its deep processing industry development particularly cassava ethanol ethanol is added to gasoline and diesel fuel as fuel and the current yield is second only to sugarcane and rubber. However, cassava production mechanization in China is very low , the rest rely mainly on livestock operations inefficient in addition to tillage land. The cassava harvest product is mainly the underground root tuber. The root tuber harvest yield is big, but most work is carried on by hand which results root excavation becomes the largest job of the occupied labor force and labor intensity in the production of cassava. The cassava harvest productivity is extremely low, the cost of operation is high, the root tuber loses and damages are great. This article has designed a new type of cassava mining equipment combined with analysis of foreign cassava Harvester in view of the present Chinese cassava's cultivation way and the planter characteristic. The paper has determined the cassava excavating gear drivetrain and the excavation tripper's disposition form by different design of theoretical analysis and argumentation. After the analysis and the confirmation of the structure and the parameter of movement and the movement mechanism's feasibility, this equipment has carried on a trial production and field performance test more than once. The main content of this article are as follows: 1. The article has carried on the detailed theoretical analysis to the cassava excavating gear's structure principle and the state of motion, analyzed unearthed part's state of motion and has determined the soil parameter and various parts parameter that affect the mining properties. 2. Through multiple parameter tests, the article first establishes the mathematical model of the necessary force moving along the shovel surface without considering the soil type, soil cutting resistance, internal friction, adhesion, cohesion and other factors and studies the effects of various parameters on its performance and then establishes the mathematical model of the force traction considering the soil type, soil cutting resistance, internal friction, adhesion, cohesion and other factors to analyze the effects of various parameters on the traction,at last uses MATLAB to make performance curve to be visualization. 3. Using the LS-DYNA software, the article establishes excavation shovel and the soil mathematical model, carries on the movement simulation analysis under the premise of setting the part parameters and soil parameter.The shovel's speed, the acceleration and the displacement curve will be outputed in the post-processing software.It is easy to observe the movement situation of digging shovel after being buried and has provided the reliable basis for the further fundamental research and the organization optimization. 4. The cassava excavating gear is carried on the field excavation performance test and takes and damage rate as key indicators to measure performance. Test results shows that: the new cassava excavation equipment parameter selection is reasonable and has the good excavation performance and high digging efficiency. This article develops the successful cassava excavating gear which power loss is small, the efficiency is high, the harvest damages and manufacturing cost are low, the overall structure is compact.It is easy to adjust and has reliable performance. Its innovation mainly displays in: digging shovel buried part is buried teeth which greatly reduces the resistance of the soil when buried, digging shovel tail using separate trash rack with separation, mining and cassava remover simplifies the job step.

年份：2010