文献类型：学位论文

中文题名：军曹鱼营养价值评价及其内脏鱼油的提取和酶解蛋白制备

英文题名：Nutritional Value of Cobia and Extraction of Fish Oil and Preparation of Protein Hydrolysate from Cobia Viscera

作者：李德涛[1];

机构：[1]广东海洋大学;

导师：刘书成;广东海洋大学

授予学位：硕士

语种：中文

中文关键词：军曹鱼;营养价值;内脏;鱼油;酶解蛋白

外文关键词：Cobia; Nutritional value; Viscera; Fish oil; Protein hydrolysates

中文摘要：军曹鱼是海水网箱养殖中最有养殖前景的鱼类之一。近些年有关军曹鱼的研究主要集中在基础生物学、人工繁育技术、营养需求、病害、遗传等方面,但是随着军曹鱼养殖规模和产量的扩大,军曹鱼的加工利用不得不提到日程上来。 军曹鱼的加工主要以鱼片为主,在加工过程中产生的下脚料约占其总重量的65/%,主要是内脏、鱼头、鱼皮、鱼骨和碎肉等,其中含有丰富的蛋白质和脂肪等营养成分。本研究分析了军曹鱼各部位的营养价值,采用酶解法从内脏中提取鱼油和制备酶解蛋白,采用脂肪酶选择性水解法富集鱼油中的EPA与DHA甘油酯,并对内脏酶解蛋白进行回收,分析其营养价值、功能特性及其安全性,以期为军曹鱼的高值化加工与利用提供基础数据。 对军曹鱼各部位营养成分的分析可知,军曹鱼可食部/(肌肉/)中含有丰富的蛋白质,必需氨基酸组成均衡,属于优质蛋白;脂肪中富含EPA和DHA;还含有丰富的铁、锰、锌、铜、硒等对人体有益的微量元素;而且重金属含量低于相关标准,因此食用不存在安全性问题。军曹鱼下脚料中同样含有丰富的蛋白质和脂肪等营养成分,尤其是脂肪中富含EPA和DHA。因此,军曹鱼加工下脚料也是一种非常有利用价值的生物资源。 为了实现对军曹鱼内脏的综合利用,本研究采用蛋白酶酶解法同时从内脏中提取鱼油和制备酶解蛋白。研究结果表明,木瓜蛋白酶在液固比2.5∶1、酶解温度50℃、酶用量为2.5/%、反应时间3h的条件对军曹鱼内脏进行水解处理,鱼油得率可达15.32/%。以干基计,鱼油得率为49.84/%,回收率为96.38/%;酶解蛋白粉得率为28.46/%,回收率为61.60/%。 由于军曹鱼内脏鱼油中EPA和DHA含量相对较低,不能满足生产鱼油保健品的需要。本研究采用脂肪酶选择性水解法来富集军曹鱼内脏鱼油中的EPA和DHA甘油酯。研究结果表明,脂肪酶OF在水油比3∶1、缓冲溶液pH7.0、反应温度40℃~45℃和脂肪酶OF用量1.5/%的条件下进行水解富集,产物中的DHA与EPA总含量可达32.1/%。富含EPA和DHA的甘油酯型鱼油产物,色泽亮黄,澄清透明,具有淡鱼腥味,理化指标达到了SC//T3502-2000精制鱼油的二级标准。 ?本研究还对蛋白酶酶解法提取鱼油过程中产生的酶解蛋白液进行回收,经蒸发浓缩和冷冻干燥制备了内脏酶解蛋白粉。内脏酶解蛋白粉外观呈淡黄色或黄色粉末,蓬松柔软,易吸湿,易溶于水,水溶液性质稳定,略有鱼香味;经测定其蛋白质含量为71.36/%,脂肪含量为0.68/%,高于特级鱼粉的标准;必需氨基酸模式较为合理;内脏酶解蛋白粉主要是肽类为主,分子量分布在5000~10000Da之间的占28.86/%,5000Da以下的占54.4/%;军曹鱼内脏酶解蛋白粉重金属含量都低于国家食品和饲料中重金属规定的标准。因此,军曹鱼内脏酶解蛋白粉将可能用于动物饲料或者食品营养添加剂。

外文摘要：Cobia is a fish of sea cage culture and the most prospects. In recent years, the research about cobia has focused on basic biology, breeding, nutritional requirement, diseases and heredity. But with the broaden of culture scale and the increase of output,the processing of cobia had to be put on the agenda. Cobia was mainly processed for fillet, but the waste from the processing could account for about 65/% of the total weight. The waste is mainly including viscera, head, skin, bone and waste meat, which are rich in protein and fat. In the studies, the nutritional value of cobia was evaluated, fish oil was extracted and the protein hydrolysates were prepared from viscera by enzymatic hydrolysis, EPA and DHA of fish oil was enriched by lipase selective hydrolysis, the protein hydrolysates were recoverd and the nutritional value, functional properties and safety were analyzed. These would provide the basic data for the high-value processing of cobia. The results were showed that the edible part /(muscle/) of cobia was rich in protein and fat, the composition and content of the essential amino acids were in balance, so it was the high-quality protein; the fat of cobia was rich in EPA and DHA; cobia also was riched in iron, manganese, zinc, copper, selenium; and the heavy metal content was lower than the relevant standard, so cobia muscle is a high nutritional value and safety food. However, the waste from cobia was also riched in protein and fat. Therefore, the waste is the high-valued biological resources. For the comprehensive utilization of cobia viscera, fish oil was extracted and the protein hydrolysates were prepared from viscera by enzymatic hydrolysis in the study. The results were showed that the hydrolysis conditions of papain were for the ratio of water and materials 2:1, temperature 50℃, papain dosage 2.5/%, hydrolysis time 3h. Under these conditions, the yield of fish oil was 15.32/%. In dry basis, the yield and recovery of fish oil was 49.84/% and 96.38/%, respecctively; the yield and recovery of protein hydrolysates was 28.46/% and 61.60/%, respectively. The content of EPA and DHA from viscera oil of cobia was lower relatively, so it could not be used for producting functional food of fish oil. In the study, EPA and DHA glycerides from cobia viscera oil were enriched by lipase selective hydrolysis. The results were showed that the hydrolysis conditions of the lipase OF were for the ratio of water and oil 3:1, buffer solution pH 7.0, reaction temperature 40-45℃, the lipase dosage 1.5/% and reaction time 24h. Under these conditions, the total content of DHA and EPA from the product is 32.1/%. The product was bright yellow, clear and transparent, with light fish flavor, physical and chemical indexes accorded with the second demand of refined fish oil /(SC//T3502-2000/). The protein hydrolysates from cobia visceras were recovered and evaporated. The hydrolysis protein powder was prepared by freeze drying. The protein powder was light yellow or yellow powder, fluffy and soft, easy-absorbing moisture, easy-soluble in water and stable, with a slight smell of fish. The protein in protein powder accounted for about 71.36/% and the fat accounted for about 0.68/%, which was higher than the standard grade fish powder. The compostion and content of essential amino acids were reasonable. The protein powder is mainly composed of peptides, one of molecular weight distribution in the 5000~10000Da accounted for 28.86/%, the other below 5000Da accounted for 54.4/%. The heavy metal contents in hydrolysis protein powder from cobia viscera were much smaller than the food and feed standards of state required. Therefore, the protein hydrolysates from cobia viscera would be used for animal feed or food nutritional additives.

年份：2010