文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Increased heat risk in wet climate induced by urban humid heat

作者：Zhang, Keer[1];Cao, Chang[2,3,4];Chu, Haoran[2,3,4];Zhao, Lei[5];Zhao, Jiayu[2,6];Lee, Xuhui[1]

机构：[1]Yale Univ, Sch Environm, New Haven, CT 06520 USA;[2]Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Ctr Atmospher Environm, Int Joint Lab Climate & Environm Change ILCEC, Nanjing, Peoples R China;[3]Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing, Peoples R China;[4]Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteorol, Nanjing, Peoples R China;[5]Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL USA;[6]Guangdong Ocean Univ, Coll Ocean & Meteorol, Zhanjiang, Peoples R China

年份：2023

卷号：617

期号：7962

起止页码：738

外文期刊名：NATURE

收录：SCI-EXPANDED(收录号：WOS:001002447800011)、、Scopus(收录号：2-s2.0-85153613901)、WOS

基金：C.C. acknowledges support by the National Key R&D Program of China (grant 2019YFA0607202), X.L. and L.Z. acknowledge support by the US National Science Foundation (grants 1933630 and 2145362), L.Z. acknowledges support by the Institute for Sustainability, Energy and Environment, and K.Z. acknowledges support by a Yale Graduate Fellowship. High-performance computing support from Cheyenne (https://doi.org/10.5065/D6RX99HX) was provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the US National Science Foundation. We thank the following institutions and network operators for providing observation data: US National Centers for Environmental Information, Oklahoma mesonet, Arizona mesonet, T. Hawkins, US Environmental Protection Agency, DWD Climate Data Center of Germany, Reliable Prognosis, Trans-African Hydro-Meteorological Observatory (TAHMO), Birmingham Urban Climate Lab, and The National Meteorological Service of Switzerland, France, United Kingdom, Finland, Sweden, Austria, Spain, Norway, Canada, South Africa, Argentina, Japan, Brazil, Mexico, Chile, China and Thailand.

语种：英文

外文摘要：Cities are generally warmer than their adjacent rural land, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island (UHI). Often accompanying the UHI effect is another phenomenon called the urban dry island (UDI), whereby the humidity of urban land is lower than that of the surrounding rural land(1-3). The UHI exacerbates heat stress on urban residents(4,5), whereas the UDI may instead provide relief because the human body can cope with hot conditions better at lower humidity through perspiration(6,7). The relative balance between the UHI and the UDI-as measured by changes in the wet-bulb temperature (T-w)-is a key yet largely unknown determinant of human heat stress in urban climates. Here we show that T-w is reduced in cities in dry and moderately wet climates, where the UDI more than offsets the UHI, but increased in wet climates (summer precipitation of more than 570 millimetres). Our results arise from analysis of urban and rural weather station data across the world and calculations with an urban climate model. In wet climates, the urban daytime T-w is 0.17 +/- 0.14 degrees Celsius (mean +/- 1 standard deviation) higher than rural T-w in the summer, primarily because of a weaker dynamic mixing in urban air. This T-w increment is small, but because of the high background T-w in wet climates, it is enough to cause two to six extra dangerous heat-stress days per summer for urban residents under current climate conditions. The risk of extreme humid heat is projected to increase in the future, and these urban effects may further amplify the risk.