文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Contrasting Long-Term Trends in Near-Surface and Subsurface Indo-Pacific Warm Pool Volume Seasonality

作者：Gan, Qiuying[1,2,4];Leung, Jeremy Cheuk-hin[3,4];Dong, Wenjie[1,2];Shi, Jian[5];Wang, Lei[6];Li, W. Ijing[7];Qian, Weihong[8];Kong, Hoiio[9];Zhang, Banglin[3,4,10,11]

机构：[1]Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab Zhuhai, Minist Educ, Zhuhai, Peoples R China;[2]Sun Yat Sen Univ, Key Lab Trop Atmosphere Ocean Syst, Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab Zhuhai, Minist Educ, Zhuhai, Peoples R China;[3]Natl Univ Def Technol, Coll Meteorol & Oceanog, Changsha, Peoples R China;[4]Hunan Inst Adv Technol, Changsha, Peoples R China;[5]Ocean Univ China, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Qingdao, Peoples R China;[6]Guangdong Ocean Univ, Coll Ocean & Meteorol, Lab Coastal Ocean Variat & Disaster Predict, Zhanjiang, Peoples R China;[7]CMA, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China;[8]Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China;[9]City Univ Macau, Fac Data Sci, Taipa, Macao, Peoples R China;[10]Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou, Peoples R China;[11]China Meteorol Adm, Key Lab High Impact Weather Special, Changsha, Peoples R China

年份：2026

卷号：39

期号：6

起止页码：1485

外文期刊名：JOURNAL OF CLIMATE

收录：SCI-EXPANDED(收录号：WOS:001708198000001)、、EI(收录号：20261520473139)、WOS

基金：This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42405038, 42261144687, U21A6001, 42175173, 42575021, 42276006, and 42105040) , the Guangdong Province Introduction of Innovative R&D Team Project China (2019ZT08G669) , the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) (SML2024SP011) , and the Laoshan Laboratory (LSKJ202202503) . We thank the National Large Scientific and Technological Infrastructure "Earth System Numerical Simulation Facility" (https://cstr.cn/31134.02.EL) and the high-performance computing support from School of Atmospheric Science of Sun Yat-sen University for the technical support. The authors declare no competing interests. Q. G.: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, data curation, writing original draft, writing, reviewing, and editing, and visualization; J. C. H. L.: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, writing, reviewing, and editing, and funding acquisition; B. Z.: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, data curation, supervision, writing, reviewing, and editing, and funding acquisition; W. D.: supervision, writing, reviewing, and editing, and funding acquisition; J. S.: methodology, formal analysis, writing, reviewing, and funding acquisition; L. W.: writing, reviewing, and editing and funding acquisition; and W. L., W. Q., and H. K.: writing, reviewing, and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

语种：英文

外文关键词：Warm pool; Warm water volume; Climate sensitivity; Climatology; Seasonal cycle; Precipitation

外文摘要：The Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) plays an important role in modulating the global climate system. Recent studies have discovered changes in the seasonality of surface IPWP under climate change. However, it remains unclear whether such findings extend to the three-dimensional IPWP body, which is of greater importance given the crucial role of subsurface ocean in climate systems. In this study, we find that the near-surface (0-60 m) IPWP expands faster in boreal winter than in boreal summer, while this pattern reverses as depth increases. This indicates vertically opposite responses of IPWP seasonality to climate change. While the near-surface IPWP seasonal cycle amplitude weakens significantly (21.03 3 104 km3 decade21), that of the subsurface (60-100 m) IPWP exhibits a significant increasing trend (10.4 3 104 km3 decade21). This vertically contrasting response of the IPWP seasonality to climate change is primarily due to the opposite seasonal cycle of the capacity for IPWP expansion between the near-surface and subsurface layers, which is determined by the seasonal variations of the spatial patterns of climatological Indo-Pacific temperature. The above results indicate the complex change in seasonal variation of the 3D IPWP body under greenhouse warming, which may have important implications for the seasonal tropical precipitation. These findings provide insights for understanding and predicting the seasonal migration of the climate system under future climate change. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Most previous studies on Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) have focused solely on its surface expansion, overlooking changes in the overall 3D IPWP body size. To address this gap, we dig into the impact of change on the 3D IPWP size, with a specific focus on the changes in IPWP volume seasonality. In this study, we discover that the seasonality of near-surface (0-60 m) and subsurface (60-100 m) IPWPs responds to climate change conversely. These opposite trends in near-surface and subsurface IPWP seasonality are primarily due to the vertically contrasting seasonal cycle of capacity for IPWP expansion. The study emphasizes the seasonality change in the 3D IPWP body, not just in the surface, which could exert diverse impacts on tropical precipitation in different seasons.