文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Quantitative analysis of background interference for robust RGB-based microalgae density measurement

作者：Chen, Haiyun[1]; Zhang, Qiaoyang[2]; Jiang, Qiannan[1]; Amenorfenyo, David Kwame[3]; Hu, Zhangxi[3]; Li, Feng[3]; Xiao, Hua[1,4]

机构：[1] School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; [2] School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; [3] College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; [4] Institute of Materials Research and Engineering [IMRE], Agency for Science, Technology and Research [A*STAR], 138634, Singapore

年份：2026

卷号：217

外文期刊名：Biomass and Bioenergy

收录：EI(收录号：20263321300450)、Scopus(收录号：2-s2.0-105047244801)

语种：英文

外文关键词：Colorimetry - Costs - Density measurement (optical) - Microalgae - Optical data processing - RGB color model

外文摘要：Although RGB-based microalgal density measurement provides a low-cost and operationally simple approach to laboratory cultivation monitoring, the effects of background-dependent color interference on density-related RGB responses have not been systematically characterized. We systematically examine the effects of background hue, normalized background level, surface roughness, illumination intensity, and microalgal species through complementary controlled experiments using (1) a vector-preserving multivariate polynomial model that maps the signed RGB differences (ΔR, ΔG, and ΔB) to microalgal density while capturing channel-specific nonlinearities and cross-channel interactions with low computational complexity, and (2) a low-cost, remotely controlled colorimetric platform integrating portable sensing, adjustable illumination, and interchangeable backgrounds. Relative to the gray background, species-similar backgrounds reduce R2 from 0.94 to 0.76 for Nannochloropsis sp. and from 0.98 to 0.80 for I. galbana, corresponding to an absolute reduction of 0.18 for both species, while the respective SRMSE values range from 0.19 to 0.49 and from 0.12 to 0.45 across the tested backgrounds. Under the gray-background configuration, the system achieves density-level mean relative accuracies of 0.92 and 0.87 for Nannochloropsis sp. and I. galbana, respectively. By clarifying background interference mechanisms, the proposed framework provides an accessible and robust approach for microalgae density monitoring. Elsevier Ltd