文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：饲料钾水平对低盐井水养殖凡纳滨对虾生长及生理特性的影响

英文题名：Effects of different levels of dietary potassium on growth and physiological characters of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, reared in low-salinity well-water

作者：刘泓宇[1];张新节[1,2];谭北平[1];董晓慧[1];迟淑艳[1];杨奇慧[1]

机构：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院水产动物营养与饲料实验室,广东湛江524025;[2]广东湛江国联水产开发股份有限公司,广东湛江524025

年份：2014

卷号：21

期号：2

起止页码：320

中文期刊名：中国水产科学

外文期刊名：Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

收录：CSTPCD、、北大核心2011、Scopus、北大核心、CSCD、CSCD2013_2014

基金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30871928);广东省自然科学基金资助项目(9152408801000006);公益性行业科研专项资金(201003020);广东省"珠江学者"项目[GDUPS(2011)]

语种：中文

中文关键词：低盐井水;凡纳滨对虾;钾;氮代谢;渗透调节

外文关键词：low-salinity well-water;Litopenaeus vannamei;potassium;nitrogen metabolism;osmoregulation

中文摘要：在盐度为4、钠钾比为41.6的低盐井水环境下，选取720尾初始体质量为（0.32±0.006） g 的凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei），随机分成6组，基础饲料中分别添加0、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%和1.5%钾离子（以KCl作为钾离子的添加形式，分别记为D0、D1、D2、D3、D4和D5），探讨饲料中不同钾水平对凡纳滨对虾生长、氮代谢和渗透压调节的影响。结果表明，随着饲料钾水平的增加，凡纳滨对虾的增重率呈先升高后降低趋势， D2组最高（P〈0.05），但与对照组相比不显著，蛋白质效率以D1组显著最高。体钾含量在各处理组之间呈现出显著差异，以D1组最高， D5组最低（P〈0.05）。同时凡纳滨对虾的耗氧率和排氨率随饲料中钾含量的增加均呈显著的先降低后上升趋势（P〈0.05），其中排氨率以D2组最低，耗氧率以D3组最低，且均显著低于对照组。血清精氨酸酶活性呈峰值变化趋势，其中以D1组最低（P〈0.05）。各实验组血清Na＋和Cl-含量呈显著的先降低后升高的趋势（P〈0.05）， Na＋含量以D1组最低， Cl-含量以D1和D2组最低。而鳃丝Na＋-K＋-ATPase活性呈显著先升高后降低的趋势（P〈0.05）， D3组最高， D2组与D3组无显著差异（P〉0.05）。血清总蛋白含量呈显著升高趋势。D2组血蓝蛋白含量最高，渗透压和血清 K＋含量在各组间无显著差异（P〉0.05）。以生长、氮代谢、渗透调节相关指标为判据：凡纳滨对虾饲料中添加0.3%~0.6%（含钾量：0.96~1.26 g/100g饲料）的钾有利于低盐环境下对虾对饲料蛋白的利用及生理代谢平衡，而过高的添加量（1.5%，总含钾量：2.17g/100g饲料）则会影响其生理代谢从而抑制生长。

外文摘要：An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary potassium （K＋） on growth perform-ance, nitrogen metabolism and osmoregulation of the Pacific white shrimp （Litopenaeus vannamei） reared in low-salinity well-water （4 ppt） with a Na＋/K＋of 41.6. A total of 720 juvenile shrimps, with an initial body weight of 0.372 g ± 0.006 g, were randomly divided into six groups. Six experimental semi-purified diets were formulated, con-taining 0.59, 0.96, 1.26, 1.48, 1.74 and 2.17 g （K＋）/（100 g diet） as feeding treatments and designated as D0, D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 group, respectively. After a 56-day feeding trial, the results showed that the weight gain rate （WGR） of shrimps fed with D2 [1.26 g（K＋）/（100 g diet） ] was the highest （P〈0.05）, but there was no significant difference be-tween D2 and D0 （control）. The protein efficiency ratio （PER） of D1 showed the highest value among all treatments （P〈0.05）. There were no significant differences in body moisture, crude fat, ash and protein content （P〉0.05） among all treatments. However, body potassium content in D1 had the significantly highest value and D5 the lowest in all treat-ments （P〈0.05）. As dietary K＋increased, the oxygen consumption rate of shrimps fed with the 1.48 g （K＋）/（100 g diet） （D3 group） had the significantly lowest value （P〈0.05）, while the ammonia-N excretion rate of D2 was also the signifi-cantly lowest （P〈0.05）. The D1 diet group had the significantly lowest arginase activity （P〈0.05）. However, there were no significant differences in hemolymph ammonia, urea or uric acid levels among all treatment groups （P〉0.05）. Hemolymph Na＋and Cl-values decreased and then increased significantly with increased dietary K＋（P〈0.05）, with the D1 group having the lowest value. Gill Na＋-K＋-ATPase activity revealed a reverse trend and shrimps fed with the 1.48（ K＋）/（100 g diet） （D3 group） had a relatively higher value than other treatment groups （P〈0.05）. With increasing dietary K＋, hemocyanin levels tended to increase and then decrease significantly （P〈0.05）. There were no significant differences between hemolymph osmolarity or potassium （P〉0.05）. In conclusion, a total of 0.96-1.26 g （K＋）/（100 g diet） can improve dietary protein utilization and maintain a balance in the nitrogen metabolism and osmoregulation of L. vannamei reared in low-salinity well-water with a Na＋/K＋of 41.6. Excessive supplementation of potassium [1.5%, total 2.17 g （K＋）/（100 g diet）] may disturb metabolism and limit the growth of L. vannamei.