文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：马氏珠母贝春季与秋季植核育珠效果差异及与环境因子的相关性

英文题名：Differences in oyster pearl,Pinctada fucata martensii,cultivation efficiency in spring and autumn nucleations and their conelation with environmental factors

作者：廖永山[1,2,3];伍旭辉[1];陶川贵[1];王亚冰[1];邓岳文[1,2,3];王庆恒[1,2,3]

机构：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院,广东海洋大学珍珠研究所,广东湛江524088;[2]广东省珍珠养殖与加工工程技术研究中心,广东湛江524088;[3]广东省珍珠科技创新中心,广东湛江524088

年份：2025

卷号：32

期号：3

起止页码：312

中文期刊名：中国水产科学

外文期刊名：Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

收录：北大核心2023、、北大核心

基金：国家贝类产业技术体系项目(CARS-49);广东省普通高校重点领域专项(2020ZDZX1045);广东省现代农业产业技术体系贝藻类产业创新团队项目(KJ146).

语种：中文

中文关键词：马氏珠母贝;植核季节;环境因子;育珠效果

外文关键词：Pinctada fucata martensii;grafting season;environmental factors;pearl cultivation efficiency

中文摘要：为了探究马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata martensii)春季与秋季植核育珠模式各自的优势,同时查明育珠效果与主要环境因子之间的相关关系,本研究调查了2020年4月至2022年7月连续四季育珠生产的产能指标和海区环境因子。实验设春季植核组(S)和秋季植核组(F),分别在2020年4月(S20)、2021年的4月(S21)和2020年10月(F20)、2021年10月(F21)植核,逐月调查育珠贝存活率,测定养殖海区水温、溶解氧、盐度等主要环境因子;育珠9个月后采收珍珠,统计留核率、优珠率、珍珠层厚度等产能指标。结果显示,实验期间养殖海区水温为17.23~33.23,℃具有明显的季节波动,S组和F组水温大于或接近30℃的月份分别为5个月和2个月;海区溶解氧含量为4.44~8.08 mg/L,存在着明显的季节变化;除10月盐度偏低外,其余月份盐度稳定在30‰~35‰间;pH总体稳定,在8.05~8.28之间波动;海区透明度为80~200 cm,总体呈现为夏秋季节低,冬春季节高。育珠期结束后,各组育珠贝总体存活率由高到低依次为F21、F20、S21、S20,F组显著高于S组(P<0.05);S组中,水温与阶段性存活率呈显著负相关(P<0.05),其他环境因子与阶段存活率相关性不显著(P>0.05),F组的环境因子与阶段性存活率之间的相关性均不显著(P>0.05)。各组留核率、商品珠率和优珠率差异不显著(P>0.05);S组的珍珠层厚度显著大于F组(P<0.05),提高约20%。结果表明,秋季植核育珠生产模式可显著提高育珠贝的成活率,增加珍珠产量;春季植核育珠生产模式珍珠质量更好;夏季高温是造成春季植核组死亡率较高的主要原因。本研究可为海水珍珠健康养殖提供数据支撑和理论基础。

外文摘要：To evaluate the advantages of nucleus implantation in spring and autumn and their relationship with key environmental factors,production indicators and marine environmental factors across four production cycles from April 2020 to July 2022 were analyzed.Spring(S)and autumn(F)nucleus implantation groups were established,with implantation conducted in April 2020(S20),April 2021(S21),October 2020(F20),and October 2021(F21).The monthly survival rates of the cultured pearl oysters were monitored,and key environmental factors such as water temperature,dissolved oxygen,and salinity were measured.Pearls were harvested after 9 m of cultivation,and production indicators,including the retention rate,high-quality pearl rate,and pearl layer thickness,were recorded.Water temperature fluctuated seasonally from 17.23-33.23℃.The S groups(S20 and S21)and F groups(F20 and F21)experienced temperatures above or near 30℃for five and two months,respectively.Dissolved oxygen levels varied from 4.44-8.08 mg/L with seasonal changes.Except for October,when salinity was relatively low,salinity remained stable between 30‰-35‰in other months.The pH was stable and fluctuated between 8.05 and 8.28.The water transparency was 80-200 cm and was generally lower in summer and autumn and higher in winter and spring.At the end of the cultivation period,the survival rates were the highest in F21,followed by F20,S21,and S20,with the group F being better than the group S(P<0.05).In the group S,water temperature showed a strong negative correlation with stage-specific survival rates(P<0.05),whereas no correlations were found between survival rates and other environmental factors(P>0.05).In group F,no correlation was observed between the environmental factors and survival rates(P>0.05).The retention,commercial pearl,and high-quality pearl rates among the groups were similar(P>0.05),but the pearl layer thickness in the group S was greater than that in the group F(P<0.05),with an increase of approximately 20%.Nucleus implantation in autumn substantially improved the survival rate of the transplanted pearl oysters and increased pearl production,whereas the pearls produced by nucleus implantation in spring were of a better quality.In group S,the elevated mortality rate during summer was primarily attributed to high temperatures.This study provides valuable data and theoretical insights for healthy cultivation of seawater pearls.