文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：雷州半岛雾的气候特征及生消机理

英文题名：Fog climate statistical characteristics and its formation and dissipation mechanism on the Leizhou Peninsula

作者：徐峰[1,2];牛生杰[1];张羽[3];赵丽娟[1];岳岩裕[1];刘霖蔚[1];蔡寿强[1];张书文[2]

机构：[1]南京信息工程大学大气物理学院;[2]广东海洋大学海洋与气象学院;[3]湛江市气象局

年份：2011

卷号：34

期号：4

起止页码：423

中文期刊名：大气科学学报

外文期刊名：Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences

收录：CSTPCD、、北大核心2008、CSCD_E2011_2012、北大核心、CSCD

基金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY(QX)2007-6-26);江苏省青蓝工程"云雾降水与气溶胶研究"创新团队资助项目;广东海洋大学校科研项目(1012157);广东海洋大学引进人才科研启动项目(1112190);热带海洋气象科学研究基金(RDJJ201004)

语种：中文

中文关键词：雾;气候特征;生消机理;层结;雷州半岛

外文关键词：fog; climate characteristic; formation and dissipation mechanism; stratification; the Leizhou Peninsula

中文摘要：利用分别位于雷州半岛北部、中部和南部的湛江站59a、雷州站46a和徐闻站42a的气象资料,分析了雷州半岛雾发生的规律及生消机理。结果表明:三站年雾日数变化趋势基本一致,呈"W"状,局部峰值明显升高。三站的年平均雾日数分别为24.7d、30.4d和21.0d。雷州半岛雾日主要出现在每年的1—4月及12月,3月雾日数最多,7月雾日数最少。近10a湛江站夜间雾发生频率为90%;短雾多,持续时间在4h以内的占75%。雾形成的天气形势可分为高压入海型、低压前型、冷锋前型、静止锋前型、鞍形场或均压场型5类,主要是平流雾、锋面雾和辐射雾。3种雾消散的天气形势是新冷空气补充南下、雾滴出现碰并沉降形成小雨或日出后雾滴蒸发。统计雷州半岛三站2000—2009年雾次频数得出,成雾概率最大的气象条件是气温为15～25℃、T-Td≤1.0℃、Δp3在-3.5～-2hPa和1.5～2.5hPa之间、风向为NNE-ESE及风速小于5m/s。L波段雷达探空大雾个例分析表明:雾顶高度在1.5km左右,雾中温度随高度增加而减小;雾中相对湿度大于92%,1.5km之上急剧减小,3km以上保持不变;T-Td为1.2～6.4℃;近地面风速为2～6m/s,风向随高度顺时针旋转,雾中有暖平流。

外文摘要：The occurrence regularity and formation/dissipation mechanism of fog on the Leizhou Peninsula have been statistically analyzed by using the meteorological data observed at three conventional weather stations of Zhanjiang（59 a）,Leizhou（46 a） and Xuwen（42 a）,which locate in the north,central and south part of the Leizhou Peninsula,respectively.The results show that the annual fog days over the three stations basically have the same variation trend in the pattern of ＂W＂,and local maximum values increase significantly.The annual average of fog days at the three stations are 24.7 d,30.4 d and 21.0 d,respectively.Fog mainly occurs from December to next April and on the Leizhou Peninsula.The fog days is the most in March and the least in July.The frequency of night fog is up to 90% during the past decade,and fogs with short duration make up the majority,with 75% of which below the 4 hours.The synoptic situations favorable for the fog formation and development on the Leizhou Peninsula can be roughly divided into five classes：high pressure system,low pressure system,cold front,stationary front,saddle type pressure field or isobaric field.The advection fog,frontal fog and radiation fog are dominant types over Zhanjiang.The weather situations causing the dissipation of Zhanjiang fog are mainly the following：new-born cold air moving southward and surface wind speed increasing;drizzle formed due to collision-coalescence and subsequent gravitational settling of fog droplets after fog development;fog droplets evaporating because of the increasing temperature at the near surface layer after sunrise.The statistical results of fog frequency at the three stations on Leizhou Peninsula from 2000 to 2009 show that the meteorological conditions of the biggest fog-forming probability are：T=15—25 ℃,T-Td≤1.0 ℃,Δp3=-3.5—-2 hPa and 1.5—2.5 hPa,wind direction of NNE-ESE and wind speed ≤5 m/s.The analysis of L-band radar sounding data shows that the temperature decreases with altitude in fog,with the fog top height at about 1.5 km.Relative humidity is above 92% in the fog layer,which decreases sharply from the height of 1.5 km until 3 km,and then remains unchanged above 3 km.The temperature-dewpoint spread is from 1.2 to 6.4 ℃,with 2—6 m/s wind speed near the ground surface.Wind direction rotates clockwisely with height,which indicates a warm advection in fog layer.