文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Effects of proline on growth performance, protein synthesis and cold resistance in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

作者：Zou, Danyang[1,2];Yang, Ming[1,2];Chen, Zhiwen[1,2];Lin, Pei[1,2];Li, Yingtao[1,2];Liu, Xingyuan[1,2];Tan, Beiping[3];Ye, Chaoxia[1,2]

机构：[1]South China Normal Univ, Inst Insect Sci & Technol, Guangzhou Key Lab Subtrop Biodivers & Biomonitorin, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Insect Dev Biol & Appl Tech, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China;[2]South China Normal Univ, Sch Life Sci, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, Peoples R China;[3]Guangdong Ocean Univ, Coll Fisheries, Lab Aquat Nutr & Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong, Peoples R China

年份：2025

卷号：23

起止页码：220

外文期刊名：ANIMAL NUTRITION

收录：SCI-EXPANDED(收录号：WOS:001622316000001)、、EI(收录号：20250094694)、Scopus(收录号：2-s2.0-105021656560)、WOS

基金：This research was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD2402000) , Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project (2023E04J1247) .

语种：英文

外文关键词：Proline; Litopenaeus vannamei; Target of rapamycin signal pathway; Growth performance; Cold stress

外文摘要：This study aimed to explore the effects of proline on growth, protein synthesis, and cold resistance of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). A total of 720 juvenile shrimp (0.37 +/- 0.00 g) were randomly distributed into 18 tanks with 40 shrimp per tank, and the temperature was controlled at 30 +/- 1 degrees C. Shrimp were fed six diets with proline levels of 2.21%, 2.40%, 2.51%, 2.70%, 2.80%, and 3.02%, respectively for 56 d, and then subjected to acute cold stress (20 degrees C) for 12 h. The results showed that appropriate proline could improve growth performance, feed utilization, free proline, hydroxyproline, glycine, total amino acids, and total non-essential amino acids (P < 0.05), as well as mRNA expression (tor, akt, and s6k) and protein level (protein kinase B, Akt) of key genes involved in the target of rapamycin (TOR) signal pathway (P < 0.05), suggesting that proline may regulate protein deposition through TOR pathway. Acute cold stress significantly increased hemocyte reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, cell apoptosis and the expression of genes involved in antioxidant (cat, sod, gpx, hsp70), apoptosis (caspase-3, caspase-9, p53, romo1), autophagy (lc3, atg4, becline-1, and atg1), and adenosine 5 '-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/TOR signaling pathway (raptor and ampk). Under cold stress, dietary proline significantly decreased ROS levels, cell apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis related genes (caspase-3, caspase-9, and romo1), but increased the expression of antioxidant related genes (gpx and hsp70) and autophagy related genes (lc3, atg4, becline-1, and atg1) (P < 0.05). In addition, dietary proline significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of ampk and raptor and the protein level of phospho-raptor in muscle (P < 0.05), while down-regulated the mRNA expression of s6k (P = 0.024). Based on the quadratic regression analysis of feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, ROS, apoptosis, and broken line analysis of free proline in muscle, dietary proline content of 2.50% to 2.79% could effectively improve growth, protein synthesis and cold resistance of Pacific white shrimp. (c) 2025 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).