文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：国家科技追赶的国际经验及我国政策选择

英文题名：International experience of national science and technology catch-up and policy choice in China

作者：陈凯华[1];温馨[1,2];杨捷[2];张艺[3]

机构：[1]中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京100049;[2]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190;[3]广东海洋大学管理学院,湛江524088

年份：2026

卷号：41

期号：4

起止页码：753

中文期刊名：中国科学院院刊

外文期刊名：Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

收录：北大核心2023、、北大核心

基金：教育部人文社科基地重大项目(22JJD630008);国家自然科学基金项目(72304265、72274042、72025403)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：国家科技追赶;历史回顾;规律总结;政策选择

外文关键词：national science and technology catch-up;historical review;pattern summary;policy choice

中文摘要：科技追赶是后发国家实现科技跃升的关键路径,系统研究其演化过程,总结其特征和规律,对于我国推进高水平科技自立自强具有重要意义。文章聚焦“后发国家如何通过科技追赶缩小与先发国家科技差距”核心议题,构建了国家科技追赶“三阶段”分析框架,通过系统梳理美国、日本、韩国3个典型国家科技追赶历程,总结了国家科技追赶的主要特征与规律。研究发现:从科技引进模仿到自主创新是国家科技追赶的主路径,国家科技追赶主路径不同阶段的战略重点不同,国家科技追赶模式不唯一但追赶手段具有相似性,国家科技追赶速度与外部科技要素的利用能力密切相关,科技革命和产业变革是国家科技追赶的重要机会窗口,科技战略规划是引领国家科技追赶的有效手段和方式。据此,文章提出了优化我国科技战略的思路与重要任务。

外文摘要：National science and technology catch-up is the key pathway for latecomer countries to achieve technological leap.Deepening understanding of the evolution,characteristics,and patterns of national science and technology catch-up is of great significance for promoting high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement in China.This study focuses on the core issue of“how latecomer countries can narrow the technological gap with leading countries through national science and technology catch-up”and constructs a“three-stage”analytical framework for national science and technology catch-up.Having reviewed the history of science and technology catch-up in the United States,Japan,and Republic of Korea,the study summarizes the main characteristics of national science and technology catch-up paths and methods,and identifies six key findings.First,the main pathway of national science and technology catch-up worldwide is the transition from technology introduction and imitation to independent innovation.Second,the strategic priorities of national science and technology catch-up differ across different stages of this pathway.Third,although national science and technology catch-up models are not unique,the policy instruments of catch-up exhibit similarities.Fourth,the speed of national science and technology catch-up is closely related to the capacity to utilize external technological resources.Fifth,technological revolutions and industrial transformation provide important windows of opportunity for national science and technology catch-up.Sixth,science and technology strategic planning is an effective means of guiding national science and technology catch-up.Based on these findings,this study proposes a series of policy suggestions and important tasks for optimizing China’s science and technology strategy.