文献类型：学位论文

中文题名：两种罗非鱼精养模式的氮、磷收支研究

英文题名：Study on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budget of Intensive Tilapia Ponds in Two Culture Models

作者：周玲[1];

机构：[1]广东海洋大学;

导师：张健东;广东海洋大学|陈刚;广东海洋大学

授予学位：硕士

语种：中文

中文关键词：罗非鱼;养殖类型;水质;养殖效果;氮磷收支

外文关键词：tilapia; culture models; water quality; nitrogen and phosphorus budget

中文摘要：本研究以罗非鱼精养池塘为研究对象,研究了罗非鱼精养池塘不同养殖模式的养殖效果、养殖水质及氮磷收支。所得主要研究结果如下: 1.定期换水的半开放式养殖的A型实验池塘和不换水的封闭式养殖的B型实验池塘的平均单位面积产量分别为14486.88±1585.24 kg//ha和13443.75±1303.10 kg//ha,平均饲料使用量分别为19159.37±3095.58 kg//ha和18509.02±2569.11 kg//ha,均不存在显著性差异/(P>0.05/)。A型实验池塘的平均收获规格/(827.50±49.92 g/)和日增重量/(3.97±0.22 g/)均显著大于B型实验池塘/(分别为692.50±25.33 g和3.13±0.17 g/),而两者的平均养殖成活率/(分别为85.00±1.83 /%和83.10±2.74 /%/)和饲料系数/(分别为1.35±0.09和1.37±0.08/)均不存在显著性差异/(P > 0.05/)。 2.整个养殖期间,A型和B型实验池塘养殖水体理化指标的变化趋势存在差异。A型和B型实验池塘养殖水体的溶解氧含量和pH值都会随着养殖时间的延长而呈现逐渐下降的趋势。A型实验池塘养殖水体总氮、总磷、有机物、总悬浮物、总氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和活性磷的含量在养殖期间的变化较为平稳,仅在较小的范围内波动;除了亚硝酸盐氮、总磷和活性磷的浓度在养殖前后没有明显的变化外, B型实验池塘养殖水体的其他各项理化指标的浓度都在养殖后期有不同程度的增加。 3. A型和B型实验池塘的氮磷输入项目包括饲料、鱼苗、进水和雨水的氮磷输入,此外,B型实验池塘的氮磷输入还包括肥料的氮磷输入。其中,饲料的氮磷输入占池塘氮、磷总输入的比例最大,分别为84.29~92.65 /%和81.91~90.84 /%;其次是进水的氮磷输入,分别占1.78~13.89 /%和3.29~16.91 /%;B型实验池塘的肥料输入氮磷分别占池塘氮、磷输入总量的3.66~5.69 /%和5.92~9.68 /%;鱼苗输入氮磷和雨水输入氮磷的比例相对较小。 A型和B型实验池塘饲料、鱼苗和雨水输入氮磷占池塘总输入氮磷的比例均不存在显著性差异/(P >0.05/);B型实验池塘肥料输入氮磷占池塘总输入氮磷的比例显著高于A型实验池塘,而A型实验池塘进水输入氮磷占池塘总输入氮磷的比例却显著高于B型实验池塘/(P<0.05/)。 4.各实验池塘的氮磷输出项目包括商品鱼、底泥沉积、水体蓄积和其他形式输出四部分,除此之外,A型实验池塘的氮磷输出还包括换水的氮磷输出。对于A型实验池塘,商品鱼的氮磷含量占池塘氮磷总输出的比例最大,分别为36.54~43.29 /%和33.03~40.33 /%;其次是底泥沉积的氮磷,分别占21.36~38.70 /%和14.16~32.36 /%;水体蓄积、排水和其他形式输出的氮磷占池塘总输出氮磷的比例相差不大。对于B型实验池塘,底泥沉积的氮磷占池塘总输出氮磷的比例最大,分别为46.87~49.27 /%和54.24~67.51 /%;其次是商品鱼的氮磷,分别为29.83~33.29 /%和21.74~30.67 /%;最后是水体蓄积和其他形式输出的氮磷。 A型实验池塘商品鱼利用的氮磷和排水输出的氮磷占池塘总输出氮磷的比例显著高于B型实验池塘,而后者的底泥沉积氮磷占池塘总输出氮磷的比例则显著高于前者/(P<0.05/);A型和B型实验池塘其他形式输出氮磷占池塘总输出氮磷的比例之间不存在显著性差异/(P>0.05/)。此外,A型实验池塘水体蓄积磷占池塘总输出磷的比例显著高于B型实验池塘/(P<0.05/);而对于水体蓄积的氮占池塘总输出氮的比例,两者之间没有显著性差异/(P>0.05/)。 5. A型实验池塘氮磷的绝对利用率分别为36.54~43.29 /%和33.03~40.33 /%,相对利用率分别为42.90~48.59 /%和39.32~44.54 /%;B型实验池塘氮磷的绝对利用率分别为29.83~33.29 /%和21.74~30.67 /%,相对利用率分别为33.11 ~37.92 /%和29.15~33.38 /%;A型实验池塘氮磷的平均绝对利用率和平均相对利用率都显著高于B型实验池塘/(P<0.05/)。 以上研究结果表明:进行半开放式养殖的A型实验池塘的养殖效果优于进行封闭式养殖的B型实验池塘;在整个养殖期间, A型实验池塘养殖水质比较稳定,而B型实验池塘养殖水质波动性相对较大,且到了养殖后期池水中有害物质的浓度都有不同程度的增加;A型实验池塘鱼类对氮磷的利用率均显著高于B型实验池塘,即半开放养殖方式在氮磷利用率方面优于封闭养殖方式。

外文摘要：This study examined production performances, water quality, and nitrogen and phosphorus budget of tilapia intensive-culture ponds with different culture models. In model A /(trial A/), tilapia was cultured with water exchange /(semi-open culture model/), while in model B /(trial B/), tilapia was cultured without water exchange except rainfall /(close culture model/). The averaged production of trial A and trial B were 14,486.88±1,585.24 kg//ha and 13443.75±1303.10 kg//ha respectively. The averaged feed input into trial A and trial B were 19,159.37±3,095.58 kg//ha and 18509.02±2569.11 kg//ha, respectively. There were no significant difference between trial A and trial B in averaged production and feed input /(P>0.05/). The harvest size and daily weight gain of trial A /(827.50±49.92 g and 3.97±0.22 g, respectively/) were significantly higher than those of trial B /(692.50±25.33 g and 3.13±0.17 g, respectively/) /(P<0.05/), while the survival rate and FCR of trial A /(85.00±1.83 /% and 1.35±0.09 respectively/) were similar with those of trial B /(83.10±2.74 /% and 1.37±0.08, respectively/) /(P<0.05/). The trends of water quality parameters between trial A and trial B were different during the culture period. DO and pH of both trial A and trial B tended to decrease with the increase of culture days. The total nitrogen /(TN/), total phosphorus /(TP/), organic matters /(COD/), total suspended solids /(TSS/), total ammonia nitrogen /(TAN/), nitrite nitrogen and available phosphorus of trial A fluctuated in a small range throughout the culture period. Except nitrite nitrogen, total phosphorus /(TP/) and available phosphorus, other water quality parameters of trial B were increased at the end of culture. The nutrient inputs of trial A and trial B came from feed, fish fry, water inflow and rainfall. In trial B fertilizer was also source of nutrient input. Commercial feed was the major source of nutrient inputs, which accounted for 84.29~92.65 /% nitrogen and 81.91~90.84 /% phosphorus of the total inputs respectively. Water inflow brought in 1.78~13.89 /% nitrogen and 3.29~16.91 /% phosphorus. Fertilizer in trial B contributed 3.66~5.69 /% nitrogen and 5.92~9.68 /% phosphorus, while fry and rainfall only accounted for small amout of total inputs. ANOVA showed that the percentages of nitrogen and phosphorus inputs from water inflow in trial A were significantly higher than those in trial B, while the percentage of nitrogen and phosphorous input from fertilizer in trial A was lower than that in trial B /(P<0.05/). There were no significant differences in percentages of nitrogen and phosphorus inputs from commercial feed, fry and rainfall between trial A and trial B /(P>0.05/). In trial A fish harvested contained 36.54~43.29 /% total nitrogen output and 33.03~40.33 /% total phosphorus output, and sediments accounted for 21.36~38.70 /% nitrogen and 14.16~32.36 /% phosphorus output. The nutrient loss also included water exchange, effluent water and unaccounted parts. In trial B, nitrogen and phosphorus in fish harvested accounted for 29.83~33.29 /% and 21.74~30.67 /% respectively, while nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments accounted for 46.87~49.27 /% and 54.24~67.51 /% respectively. The amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in effluent water and unaccounted parts were similar. ANOVA showed that nitrogen and phosphorus recovered by fish in terms of percentages in their respective total outputs in trial A were significantly higher than those in trial B, and the relative phosphorus loss through effluent in trial A was higher than trial B, while the percentages of nitrogen and phosphorus retained into the sediments in trial B were significantly higher than trial A /(P<0.05/). There were no significant differences in nitrogen and phosphorus unaccounted loss between trial A and trial B /(P>0.05/). Fish harvested in trial A recovered 36.54~43.29 /% of total nitrogen and 33.03~40.33 /% of total phosphorus, or equivalent to 42.90~48.59 /% of nitrogen and 39.32~44.54 /% of phosphorus in feed. All these parameters were significantly higher than those in trial B, which were 29.83~33.29 /%, 21.74~30.67 /%, 33.11 ~37.92 /% and 29.15 ~33.38 /% respectively /(P<0.05/). The study demonstrated that semi-open type of tilapia pond culture /(model A/) with water exchange throughout the culture period was better than closed tilapia pond culture /(model B/) without water exchange. Water quality of trial A was relatively stable throughout the culture period, while that of trial B was fluctuant with more toxic matters accumulated at the end of culture. Both nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of trial A were significantly higher than trial B. It was therefore concluded that the semi-open culture model is better than the close culture model.

年份：2010