文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：种源“卡脖子”问题的识别、成因与破解路径研究——以农作物种业为例

英文题名：The identification,causes,and solution path of the germplasm resource bottleneck issue: A case study of China’s crop seed industry

作者：邓岩[1];陈燕娟[1]

机构：[1]广东海洋大学管理学院,广东湛江524088

年份：2022

卷号：43

期号：1

起止页码：20

中文期刊名：农业现代化研究

外文期刊名：Research of Agricultural Modernization

收录：CSTPCD、、国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库、北大核心、CSCD、北大核心2020、CSCD_E2021_2022

基金：国家社会科学基金项目(17BJY128)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：种源“卡脖子”;种业知识产权保护;品种管理制度;商业化育种体系;识别框架;破解路径

外文关键词：bottleneck issue of germplasm resources;intellectual property protection of seed industry;variety management system;commercial seed breeding system;identification framework;solution path

中文摘要：我国是农业生产大国和用种大国,历届政府都非常重视种业发展,农业生产中应用的大多数品种是自主选育的。我国种业发展受益于国际合作,同时也因全球价值链地位和国际分工,在部分领域形成了进口依赖,不得不面对种源"卡脖子"问题。本文基于对农作物种业特殊属性的阐释,解读种源"卡脖子"问题的表现形式和内涵,建立种源"卡脖子"问题的识别筛选框架,分析种源"卡脖子"问题的成因,提出了种源"卡脖子"问题的破解路径。研究表明,农作物种业具有消费对象的特殊性、供求关系的差异性、生产与销售的季节性、自然风险与技术风险的叠加性等特殊属性。种源"卡脖子"问题的表现形式既包括种子、亲本等有形商品,也包括专利、基因等无形技术。种源"卡脖子"问题的内涵可以归结为种业国际合作的产物、种业垄断的极端形式,并有理性与非理性之分。通过要素密集度、技术预见度、技术垄断程度和全球竞争地位4个层次的识别筛选,我国种源"卡脖子"问题的成因在于种子贸易竞争力不足、自主创新能力较弱、知识产权保护及国际布局落后、商业化育种体系不健全和品种管理制度不合理。因此,破解种源"卡脖子"问题,需要从改革品种管理制度、改善种业发展环境和打造国际竞争联合体3个层面同步推进。

外文摘要：China is a major agricultural producer and seed-consuming country and the successive Governments have attached great importance to the development of the seed industry in China.As a result,most of the crop varieties planted China are independently selected and bred.However,the development of China’s seed industry has benefited from international cooperation and formed some degree of import dependence in some fields due to global value chain status and international division of labor.Therefore,China’s crop seed industry faces the bottleneck issue of germplasm resources.Based on the interpretation of the special attributes of crop seed industry,this paper explored the expression form and connotation of the bottleneck issue of germplasm recourses,established an identification and screening framework of the issue,analyzed the causes behind it,and discussed some solution paths.Results show that China’s crop seed industry has some special attributes,such as the particularity of consumption objects,the difference between supply and demand,the seasonality of production and sales,and the superposition of natural risks and technical risks.The expression form of the bottleneck issue of germplasm recourses includes not only tangible commodities such as seeds and parents,but also intangible technologies such as patents and genes.The connotation of the bottleneck issue can be attributed to international cooperation in global seed industry and the extreme form of the seed industry monopoly,which can be divided into rationality and irrationality.Through the identification and screening of four levels:factor intensity,technology foresight,technology monopoly,and global competitive position,the causes of the bottleneck issue include insufficient competitiveness of seed trade,weak ability of independent innovation,backward protection of intellectual property rights and international layout,the imperfect commercial seed breeding system,and the unreasonable variety management system.Therefore,to tackle the bottleneck problem of germplasm recourses,this paper suggests:reforming the variety management system,improving the environment of seed industry development,and creating an international competitive consortium simultaneously.